From Classroom to Crisis: How Nigeria's Educational Policies Contributed to Economic Decline - By Gbolahan Adetayo

Amid the ongoing debates about Nigeria’s socio-economic challenges, one critical issue often overlooked is the educational foundation that has shaped the country’s workforce and economy. 

Many have pointed fingers at various aspects of governance and policy for the nation’s woes, but a closer examination reveals that the root of Nigeria’s problems may lie in a fundamental misstep in its education system: the compulsory emphasis on English language and mathematics at the expense of agriculture, the backbone of Nigeria’s economy before the discovery of crude oil.

From primary to secondary education, Nigeria’s curriculum has prioritized English and mathematics as the core subjects for all students. While these subjects are undoubtedly important, the government’s decision to make them compulsory for students sitting for the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) has inadvertently sidelined agriculture—a subject that could have better equipped the nation to maintain and strengthen its agricultural heritage.

Before the advent of oil, agriculture was the lifeblood of Nigeria’s economy, providing food, employment, and export revenue. The country was renowned for its agricultural productivity, with regions specializing in different crops that sustained both local and international markets. However, as Nigeria began to shift its focus towards the oil industry, agriculture was gradually neglected, a trend that has been mirrored in the education system.

By making English and mathematics compulsory subjects for students to pass before graduating from secondary school, the government has inadvertently sent a message that these are the only gateways to success. This policy has led to a decline in interest and enrollment in agricultural studies, as students are often more focused on mastering subjects that they believe will lead to white-collar jobs. 

This neglect of agricultural education has had long-term repercussions. Nigeria, once a leader in global agricultural production, now struggles with food insecurity and relies heavily on imports to feed its growing population. The youth, who should be the future farmers and innovators in agriculture, are largely uninterested in pursuing careers in this field due to a lack of emphasis and encouragement from the educational system.

Moreover, the compulsory focus on English and mathematics has also exacerbated issues of unemployment and underemployment. As more students graduate with qualifications in subjects that do not align with the country’s primary economic needs, there is a growing mismatch between the skills available in the workforce and the jobs that are critical to national development.

To address these challenges, there needs to be a fundamental shift in Nigeria’s education policy. Agriculture should be given the same level of importance as English and mathematics, if not more, especially in regions where farming is still a viable and necessary livelihood. Schools should integrate agricultural education into their core curriculum, encouraging students to pursue it as a subject that not only holds the key to personal success but also national sustainability.

In addition to revising the curriculum, the government should invest in agricultural schools, provide scholarships for students interested in agriculture, and promote the benefits of a career in this vital industry. By doing so, Nigeria can begin to rebuild its agricultural sector and ensure that future generations are equipped with the skills needed to revive and sustain it.

The current emphasis on English and mathematics as the cornerstones of education, while important, has inadvertently led to the neglect of agriculture—Nigeria’s original economic mainstay. It is time for the government to rethink this approach and realign the education system with the country’s most pressing needs. Only by doing so can Nigeria hope to overcome its current challenges and build a more sustainable and prosperous future.

After nearly two decades of building a career in journalism, Yoruba movie acting, production, and content creation, Gbolahan Adetayo made a bold decision to challenge the conventional path. Recognizing the critical role agriculture plays in Nigeria's survival, he ventured into the agricultural sector, where he is now thriving.

Adetayo's journey reflects a growing awareness that the country's focus on white-collar jobs, spurred by an educational system that prioritizes subjects like English and mathematics over agriculture, may have contributed to Nigeria's current challenges. By embracing agriculture, Adetayo is not only securing a stable future for himself but also highlighting the need for a reevaluation of Nigeria's educational priorities. His success serves as a testament to the potential prosperity that lies in returning to the nation's agricultural roots, a sector that sustained Nigeria long before the discovery of crude oil.

This shift in focus is a reminder that the real solution to Nigeria's problems may lie in refocusing on practical, life-sustaining skills—skills that were once the backbone of the country's economy.